Background. A high population level of vaccination is required to control the COVID-19 pandemic, but not all Canadians are ready to get a vaccine. The objectives of this study were to describe COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, hesitancy and refusal rates and associated factors in Saskatchewan, Canada. Methods. This study consisted of a weighted sample of 9,252 survey responses from 7,265 Saskatchewan adults between May 4, 2020 and April 3, 2021. The outcome variable was vaccine intention: vaccine acceptance, hesitancy, and refusal. The independent variables were socio-demographic factors, risk of exposure to coronavirus, mitigating behaviours, and perceptions of COVID-19. Results. Seventy-six percent of the respondents indicated that they had been or were willing to be vaccinated, 13% not decided, and the remaining 11% said would not be vaccinated. Factors that increased the likelihood of vaccine refusal and hesitancy were lower education level, financial instability, Indigenous status, and not being concerned about spreading the coronavirus. Conclusion. Reaching sufficient coverage of the population is likely to require targeted efforts to convince those who are resistant or unsure.
Background: The influence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) containment measures on variants of concern (VOC) has been understudied in Canada. Our objective was to identify provinces with disproportionate prevalence of VOC relative to COVID-19 mitigation efforts in provinces and territories in Canada. Methods: We analyzed publicly available provincial- and territorial-level data on the prevalence of VOCs in relation to mitigating factors (summarized in three measures: 1. strength of public health countermeasures: stringency index, 2. how much people moved about outside their homes: mobility index, and 3. vaccine intervention: proportion of Canadian population fully vaccinated). Using spatial agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis (unsupervised machine learning), the provinces and territories were grouped into clusters by stringency index, mobility index and full vaccine coverage. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the differences in the prevalence of VOC (Alpha, or B.1.1.7, Beta, or B.1.351, Gamma, or P.1, and Delta, or B.1.617.2 variants) between the clusters. Results: Three clusters of vaccine uptake and countermeasures were identified. Cluster 1 consisted of the three Canadian territories, and characterized by higher degree of vaccine deployment and lesser degree of countermeasures. Cluster 2 (located in Central Canada and Atlantic region) was typified by lesser implementation of vaccine deployment and moderate countermeasures. The third cluster was formed by provinces inthe Pacific region, Central Canada, and Prairie region, with moderate vaccine deployment but stronger countermeasures. The overall and variant-specific prevalence were significantly different across the clusters. Interpretation: This study found that implementation of COVID-19 public health measures varied across the provinces and territories. Considering the high prevalence of VOCs in Canada, completing the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine in a timely manner is crucial.
Importance: Vaccine breakthrough by an emergent SARS-CoV-2 variant poses a great risk to global public health. Objective: To determine the SARS-CoV-2 variant responsible for 6 cases of vaccine breakthrough. Design: Nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected vaccine breakthrough cases were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by qPCR for Wuhan-Hu1 and Alpha variant. Positive samples were then sequenced by Swift Normalase Amplicon Panels to determine the causal variant. Setting: Transmission event occurred at events surrounding a wedding outside of Houston, TX. Two patients from India, likely transmitted the Delta variant to other guests. Participants: Following a positive SARS-CoV-2 qPCR test at a third-party site, six fully vaccinated patients were investigated. Three males and three females ranged from 53 to 69 years old. One patient suffered from diabetes while three others were classified as overweight. No significant other comorbidities were identified. None of the patients had a history of failed vaccination.
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK government has implemented a series of guidelines, rules, and restrictions to change citizens9 behaviour to tackle the spread of the virus, such as the promotion of face-masks and the imposition of lockdown stay-at-home orders. The success of these measures requires active co-operation on the part of citizens, but compliance has not been complete. Detailed data is required on the factors aiding or hindering compliance with these measures. Methods: To understand the facilitators and barriers to compliance with COVID-19 guidelines, we used structural topic modelling, a text mining technique, to extract themes from over 26,000 free-text survey responses from 17,500 UK adults, collected between 17 November and 23 December 2020. Results: The main factors facilitating compliance were desires to reduce risk to one9s self and one9s family and friends and to, a lesser extent, the general public. Also of importance were a desire to return to normality, the availability of activities and technological means to contact family and friends, and the ability to work from home. Identified barriers were difficulties maintaining social distancing in public (due to the actions of other people or environmental constraints), the need to provide or receive support from family and friends, social isolation, missing loved one, and mental health impacts, perceiving the risks as low, social pressure to not comply, and difficulties understanding and keep abreast of changing rules. Several of the barriers and facilitators raised were related to participant characteristics. Notably, women were more likely to discuss needing to provide or receive mental health support from friends and family. Conclusion: The results demonstrate an array of factors contribute to compliance with guidelines. Of particular policy importance, the results suggest that government communications that emphasizes the potential risks of COVID-19 and provides simple, consistent guidance on how to reduce the spread of the virus would improve compliance with preventive behaviours.
Introduction Vaccination is critical in controlling the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, vaccine perception and acceptance among pregnant and lactating women is unknown in Singapore. We aimed to determine the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among these two groups of women in Singapore, and factors associated with vaccine acceptance. Methods We conducted an anonymous, online survey on the perception and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in pregnant and lactating women at a tertiary hospital in Singapore from 1st March to 31st May 2021. Information on demographics and knowledge were collected, and these factors were assessed for their relationship with vaccine acceptance. Results A total of 201 pregnant and 207 lactating women participated. Vaccine acceptance rates in pregnant and lactating women were 30.3% and 16.9% respectively. Pregnant women who were unsure or unwilling to take the vaccine cited concerns about safety of the vaccine during pregnancy (92.9%), while lactating women were concerned about potential long-term negative effects on the breastfeeding child (75.6%). Other factors significantly associated with vaccine acceptance included a lower monthly household income or education level, appropriate knowledge regarding vaccine mechanism and higher perceived maternal risk of COVID-19. Most pregnant (70.0%) and lactating women (83.7%) were willing to take the vaccine only when more safety data during pregnancy and breastfeeding were available. Conclusions COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was low among pregnant and lactating women in Singapore. Addressing safety concerns when more data is available and education on mechanism of vaccine action will likely improve acceptance among these women.
Cognitive and Psychological Disorders After Severe COVID-19 Infection - Condition: COVID 19
Interventions: Diagnostic Test: Cognitive assessment; Diagnostic Test: Imaging; Diagnostic Test: Routine care; Other: Psychiatric evaluation
Sponsors: Central Hospital, Nancy, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besancon; University Hospital, Strasbourg, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional Metz-Thionville; Centre hospitalier Epinal; Hopitaux Civils de Colmar
Not yet recruiting
Phase 1 Study to Assess Safety, Tolerability, PD, PK, Immunogenicity of IV NTR-441 Solution in Healthy Volunteers and COVID-19 Patients - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Drug: NTR-441; Drug: Placebo
Sponsor: Neutrolis
Recruiting
MP1032 Treatment in Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19 - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: MP1032; Drug: Placebo
Sponsors: MetrioPharm AG; Syneos Health, LLC
Not yet recruiting
Study to Evaluate the Safety and Concentrations of Monoclonal Antibody Against Virus That Causes COVID-19 Disease. - Condition: COVID-19 Virus Disease
Interventions: Biological: MAD0004J08; Other: Placebo
Sponsors: Toscana Life Sciences Sviluppo s.r.l.; Cross Research S.A.
Active, not recruiting
Safety and Immunogenicity of LNP-nCOV saRNA-02 Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2, the Causative Agent of COVID-19 - Condition: COVID-19
Intervention: Drug: LNP-nCOV saRNA-02 Vaccine
Sponsor: MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit
Not yet recruiting
Efficacy of Inhaled Therapies in the Treatment of Acute Symptoms Associated With COVID-19 - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Drug: inhaled beclametasone; Drug: Inahaled beclomethasone / formoterol / glycopyrronium
Sponsors: UPECLIN HC FM Botucatu Unesp; Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A.
Not yet recruiting
Dapsone Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Trial (DAP-CORONA) COVID-19 - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: Dapsone 85 mg PO BID; Drug: Placebo 85 mg PO BID
Sponsors: McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre; Pulmonem Inc.
Not yet recruiting
Covid-19 Patients Management During Home Isolation - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Procedure: Oxygen therapy and physical therapy; Device: Oxygen therapy
Sponsor: Cairo University
Not yet recruiting
Ivermectin Versus Standard Treatment in Mild COVID-19 - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Drug: Ivermectin Tablets
Sponsor: Assiut University
Not yet recruiting
SCALE-UP Utah: Community-Academic Partnership to Address COVID-19 Testing Among Utah Community Health Centers - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Behavioral: Text-Messaging (TM); Behavioral: Patient Navigation (PN)
Sponsors: University of Utah; Association for Utah Community Health; Utah Department of Health; National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Recruiting
SCALE-UP Utah: Community-Academic Partnership to Address COVID-19 Vaccination Rates Among Utah Community Health Centers - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Behavioral: Text-Messaging (TM); Behavioral: Patient Navigation (PN)
Sponsors: University of Utah; Association for Utah Community Health; Utah Department of Health; National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Recruiting
Chinese Herbal Formula for COVID-19 - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Drug: mQFPD; Drug: organic brown rice
Sponsor: University of California, San Diego
Not yet recruiting
Remdesivir- Ivermectin Combination Therapy in Severe Covid-19 - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Drug: Ivermectin
Sponsor: Assiut University
Not yet recruiting
IRAK 4 Inhibitor (PF-06650833) in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia and Exuberant Inflammation. - Condition: COVID-19 Pneumonia
Interventions: Drug: PF-06650833; Drug: Matching Placebo
Sponsors: Giovanni Franchin, M.D, Ph.D; Pfizer
Recruiting
The Role of Chlorhexidine in Minimizing the Viral Load Among COVID-19 Patients - Condition: COVID-19
Intervention: Drug: Chlorhexidine digluconate, povidone iodine
Sponsor: King Abdulaziz University
Not yet recruiting
A new application of mTOR inhibitor drugs as potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19 - Since December 2019, the COVID-19 emerging pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in one of the most important global health threats. Concerning the absence of an approved effective vaccine or drug for the treatment and outcome improvement of COVID-19 patients, and the role of SARS-CoV-2 in activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, we decided to review the previous data regarding the therapeutic effect of mTOR inhibitor drugs in COVID-19 patients. We searched the scientific…
Broad spectrum anti-coronavirus activity of a series of anti-malaria quinoline analogues - In this study, a series of 10 quinoline analogues was evaluated for their in vitro antiviral activity against a panel of alpha- and beta-coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses 1 and 2 (SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2), as well as the human coronaviruses (HCoV) 229E and OC43. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were the most potent with antiviral EC(50) values in the range of 0.12-12 μM. Chloroquine displayed the most favorable selectivity index (i.e. ratio…
Protection of K18-hACE2 mice and ferrets against SARS-CoV-2 challenge by a single-dose mucosal immunization with a parainfluenza virus 5-based COVID-19 vaccine - Transmission-blocking vaccines are urgently needed to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV 2, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. The upper respiratory tract is an initial site of SARS-CoV-2 infection and, for many individuals, remains the primary site of virus replication. An ideal COVID-19 vaccine should reduce upper respiratory tract virus replication and block transmission as well as protect against severe disease. Here, we optimized a vaccine candidate, parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) expressing…
Small Molecule Therapeutics to Destabilize the ACE2-RBD Complex: a Molecular Dynamics Study - The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has infected millions of people, claimed hundreds of thousands of lives, and made a worldwide health emergency. Understanding the SARS-CoV-2 mechanism of infection is crucial in the development of potential therapeutics and vaccines. The infection process is triggered by direct binding of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) to the host cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Many efforts have been made to design or repurpose therapeutics to…
Famotidine inhibits Toll-like receptor 3-mediated inflammatory signaling in SARS-CoV2 infection - Apart from prevention using vaccinations, the management options for COVID-19 remain limited. In retrospective cohort studies, use of famotidine, a specific oral H2 receptor antagonist (antihistamine), has been associated with reduced risk of intubation and death in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. In a case series, non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 experienced rapid symptom resolution after taking famotidine, but the molecular basis of these observations remains elusive. Here we show…
Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, the isolated compounds of Phyllanthus niruri inhibit protein receptor of corona virus (COVID-19) through in silico approach - CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin are predicted to have strong activity against COVID-19 through inhibiting spike glycoprotein and main protease under in silico study. Further research is needed to support the development of P. niruri as inhibitor agents of COVID-19 through bioassay studies.
Structure-Guided Design of Conformationally Constrained Cyclohexane Inhibitors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 3CL Protease - A series of nondeuterated and deuterated dipeptidyl aldehyde and masked aldehyde inhibitors that incorporate in their structure a conformationally constrained cyclohexane moiety was synthesized and found to potently inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 3CL protease in biochemical and cell-based assays. Several of the inhibitors were also found to be nanomolar inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3CL protease. The corresponding latent aldehyde bisulfite…
Macrolactin A as a Novel Inhibitory Agent for SARS-CoV-2 M(pro): Bioinformatics Approach - COVID-19 is a disease that puts most of the world on lockdown and the search for therapeutic drugs is still ongoing. Therefore, this study used in silico screening to identify natural bioactive compounds from fruits, herbaceous plants, and marine invertebrates that are able to inhibit protease activity in SARS-CoV-2 (PDB: 6LU7). We have used extensive screening strategies such as drug likeliness, antiviral activity value prediction, molecular docking, ADME, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation,…
Prognostic Role of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in COVID-19 Patients: Still Valid in Patients That Had Started Therapy? - COVID-19 may appear with a widely heterogeneous clinical expression. Thus, predictive markers of the outcome/progression are of paramount relevance. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been suggested as a good predictive marker of disease severity and mortality. Accordingly, we found that NLR significantly increased in parallel with the WHO severity stage in COVID-19 patients during the I^(st) wave (March-May 2020; n = 49), due to the significant reduction of lymphocyte and the significant…
Investigation of a Model-Based Working Memory Training With and Without Distractor Inhibition and Its Comparative Efficacy: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Healthy Old Adults - Background: Various working memory (WM) trainings have been tested, but differences in experimental designs, the lack of theoretical background, and the need of identifying task-related processes such as filtering efficiency limit conclusions about their comparative efficacy. Objectives: In this study, we compared the efficacy of a model-based WM training with (MB^(+)) and without (MB) distractor inhibition on improving WM capacity to a dual n-back and active control condition. Methods: This…
The RNA sensor MDA5 detects SARS-CoV-2 infection - Human cells respond to infection by SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, by producing cytokines including type I and III interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory factors such as IL6 and TNF. IFNs can limit SARS-CoV-2 replication but cytokine imbalance contributes to severe COVID-19. We studied how cells detect SARS-CoV-2 infection. We report that the cytosolic RNA sensor MDA5 was required for type I and III IFN induction in the lung cancer cell line Calu-3 upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Type I…
Postinfection treatment with a protease inhibitor increases survival of mice with a fatal SARS-CoV-2 infection - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues to be a serious global public health threat. The 3C-like protease (3CLpro) is a virus protease encoded by SARS-CoV-2, which is essential for virus replication. We have previously reported a series of small-molecule 3CLpro inhibitors effective for inhibiting replication of human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture and in animal models. Here we generated a series of deuterated variants of a 3CLpro…
Potential In Vitro Inhibition of Selected Plant Extracts against SARS-CoV-2 Chymotripsin-Like Protease (3CL(Pro)) Activity - Antiviral treatments inhibiting Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication may represent a strategy complementary to vaccination to fight the ongoing Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Molecules or extracts inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 chymotripsin-like protease (3CL^(Pro)) could contribute to reducing or suppressing SARS-CoV-2 replication. Using a targeted approach, we identified 17 plant products that are included in current and traditional cuisines as…
Antiviral Activity of Vitis vinifera Leaf Extract against SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-1 - Vitis vinifera represents an important and renowned source of compounds with significant biological activity. Wines and winery bioproducts, such as grape pomace, skins, and seeds, are rich in bioactive compounds against a wide range of human pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. However, little is known about the biological properties of vine leaves. The aim of this study was the evaluation of phenolic composition and antiviral activity of Vitis vinifera leaf extract against two…
Antiviral Effects of Green Tea EGCG and Its Potential Application against COVID-19 - (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant component of catechins in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze), plays a role against viruses through inhibiting virus invasiveness, restraining gene expression and replication. In this paper, the antiviral effects of EGCG on various viruses, including DNA virus, RNA virus, coronavirus, enterovirus and arbovirus, were reviewed. Meanwhile, the antiviral effects of the EGCG epi-isomer counterpart (+)-gallocatechin-3-O-gallate (GCG) were…
Differential detection kit for common SARS-CoV-2 variants in COVID-19 patients - - link
SARS-CoV-2 anti-viral therapeutic - - link
A POLYHERBAL ALCOHOL FREE FORMULATION FOR ORAL CAVITY - The present invention generally relates to a herbal composition. Specifically, the present invention relates to a polyherbal alcohol free composition comprising of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract, Ocimum sanctum leaf extract, Elettaria cardamomum fruit extract, Mentha spicata (Spearmint) oil and Tween 80 and method of preparation thereof. The polyherbal alcohol free composition of the present invention possesses excellent antimicrobial properties and useful for oral cavity. - link
一种新冠病毒肺炎重症化预测系统及方法 - 本发明涉及疾病预测技术领域,公开了一种新冠病毒肺炎重症化预测系统及方法,包括以下步骤:步骤一,采集患者血常规信息和用户信息;步骤二,将患者血常规信息按照用户信息进行等级分类;步骤三,将已经等级分类的患者血常规信息与对应等级的标准信息进行比较;步骤四,当患者血常规信息在标准信息范围内则判定患者为轻症患者,当患者血常规信息在标准信息范围外则判定患者为重症患者。本发明能够准确快速地区分轻症和重症。 - link
一种诊断标志物及其在COVID-19诊断及冠状病毒既往感染检测中的应用 - 本发明公开一种诊断标志物及在COVID‑19诊断及冠状病毒既往感染检测中的应用。所述诊断标志物包括肽段COVID19‑V001,所述肽段COVID19‑V001的氨基酸序列为:包含FKEELDKYFKNH中5个及5个以上连续氨基酸的序列;或所述肽段COVID19‑V001的氨基酸序列为:包含FKEELDKYFKNH中1个到几个氨基酸的取代或/和缺失或/和添加所形成的序列。基于本发明的诊断标志物应用间接法定性检测人血清中抗肽段的IgG抗体的水平。通过基于本发明所建立的检测试剂盒,可作为新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID‑19)及诊断的一种辅助手段,还可作为区分感染和疫苗接种的手段。 - link
MEDIDOR DE SATURACION - - link
폐마스크 밀봉 회수기 - 본 발명은 마스크 착용 후 버려지는 일회용 폐마스크를 비닐봉지에 넣은 후 밀봉하여 배출함으로써, 2차 감염을 예방하고 일반 생활폐기물과 선별 분리 배출하여 환경오염을 방지하는 데 그 목적이 있다. - link
백신 냉각 및 해동 기능을 갖는 백신 보관장치 - 본 발명은 백신 냉각 및 해동 기능을 갖는 백신 보관장치에 관한 것으로, 상, 하부하우징의 제1상, 하부누출방지공간에 냉각물질이 충입된 냉각파이프를 설치하되, 제2상, 하부누출방지공간에 가열물질이 충입된 가열파이프를 설치하여, 구획판부에 의해 구획된 백신냉각공간 및 백신해동공간 각각을 냉각 및 가열하고, 보조도어를 통해 백신냉각공간 내에 수용된 백신을 구획판부의 백신출구도어를 통해 백신해동공간으로 이동시켜, 백신해동공간 내에서 백신을 해동함으로써, 즉시 사용이 가능한 백신을 인출도어를 통해 인출할 수 있다. 본 발명에 따르면, 냉각파이프에 저장된 냉매에 의해 백신냉각공간 내의 온도가 극저온 상태로 변화되고, 극저온 상태를 유지하는 백신냉각공간 내에 백신을 저장하여, 안전하게 보관 할 수 있으며, 백신냉각공간 내의 백신을 백신해동공간 내로 이동시켜, 백신해동공간 내에서 백신을 해동할 수 있고, 이 해동된 백신을 인출도어를 통해 인출한 후 즉시 사용할 수 있어 백신을 해동하는 시간이 단축되며, 보조도어를 통해 백신냉각공간 내의 백신을 백신해동공간으로 이동시켜, 백신이 외기에 노출될 우려가 없으며, 백신냉각공간 내의 백신을 백신해동공간으로 이동시키거나 또는 인출도어를 통해 백신 인출시 정렬장치가 백신을 보조도어 및 인출도어 직하방에 자동 위치시킨다. - link
一种基于新型冠状病毒S蛋白的纳米抗体及其应用 - 本发明属于生物医药技术领域,尤其涉及一种基于新型冠状病毒S蛋白的纳米抗体及其应用。本发明利用纳米抗体文库,以2019新型冠状病毒的Spike S1+S2ECD为靶点,筛选获得一种针对2019新型冠状病毒的纳米抗体,经ELISA检测,不仅能够特异性识别2019新型冠状病毒的Spike S1+S2ECD靶点,还同时能够识别Spike RBD靶点,且结合信号较强。将相应抗体序列构建至原核表达载体中进行表达纯化,成功表达出目标抗体,纯化后纯度大于90%;且经VHH抗体ELISA检测发现,纯化后的纳米抗体对两种靶点均具有较高的亲和力。 - link
一种基于新型冠状病毒S蛋白S1亚基的纳米抗体及其应用 - 本发明属于生物医药技术领域,尤其涉及一种基于新型冠状病毒S蛋白S1亚基的纳米抗体及其应用。本发明利用纳米抗体文库,以2019新型冠状病毒的Spike RBD为靶点,筛选获得一种针对2019新型冠状病毒的纳米抗体,经ELISA检测,不仅能够特异性识别2019新型冠状病毒的Spike RBD靶点,还同时能够识别SPIKE S1+S2ECD靶点,且结合信号较强。将相应抗体序列构建至原核表达载体中进行表达纯化,成功表达出目标抗体,纯化后纯度大于90%;且经VHH抗体ELISA检测发现,纯化后的纳米抗体对两种靶点均具有较高的亲和力。 - link